common element in obtaining offences

 1. Obtaining by deception:

The obtaining must be by deception. It must be proved that A's false representation actually deceived B, and caused him to suffer. The deception must precede the relevant act.

2. The meaning of deception.

A deception is an act or statement which misleads, hides the truth, or promotes a belief, concept, or idea that is not true. It is often done for personal gain or advantage.

3. Dishonesty:

Whoever does anything with the intention of causing wrongful gain to one person or wrongful loss to another person, is said to do that thing dishonestly.

Offenses involving deception

 

Root-cause of deception crime#drillmanual.blogspot.com

1. The common element in obtaining offenses.

1. Obtaining by deception.
2. The meaning of deception.
3. Dishonesty.

2. Obtaining property by deception.

1. Property belonging to another.
2. Ownership, possession, or control.
3. Something belonging to A must be transferred to B.
4. Mens rea
5. Some spacial cases.

3. Obtaining a money transfer by deception.

4. Obtaining a pecuniary advantage by deception.

1. Overdrafts and insurance policies.
2. Opportunity to earn by employment or win by betting.
3. Mens rea

5. Obtaining services by deception.

1. Deception.
2. Services.
3. The benefit.
4. The understanding.
5. Payment.
6. Dishonesty.

6. Evasion of liability by deception.

1. Securing remission of a liability.
2. Inducing creditor to wait for or forgo payment.
3. Obtaining an exemption from or an abatement of liability.
4. Excluded liabilities.

7. Procuring the execution of valuable security.

8. False accounting and other frauds.

1. False accounting.
2. False statements by company directors.
3. Suppression of documents.

9. Cheating.